Social Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Problems - Essay Example The Films The Hellcats of the Navy shown in 1957 is about a submarine commander whose mission is to retrieve revolutionary Japanese mine to be able to be studied. The main conflict of the story is related to the sacrifice made by one man to be able to achieve the safety of the whole group. It is justifying the action of the main character to leave one member as the proper thing to do. Thus the main character Abbott struggles against the outcome of his decision. Although this is the case, there is another conflict with regards to the romantic interest of the fallen and sacrificed man towards the leading female character. The story is set in the time of the World War II starring Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy Davies. There is significant level of violence shown in the movie but it was not censored due to reasons on the role of violence in films. Basically it can be considered that in any movies in the action genre which is related to military and war, the depiction and use of violenc e is inevitable. Saving Private Ryan is another movie known for the violent scenes. It is about the invasion of Normandy during the World War II. The film was directed by Steven Spielberg and was released in 1998. The film had been noted due to the first 20 minutes which is full of intensity and violence. It depicted the Omaha event but focused on finding a paratrooper named Private Ryan who is the last surviving brother of 3 servicemen. Based on analysis of the movie it was noted that Saving Private Ryan was a well made film which used violence as a tool to gain and to stress the message it wants to convey specifically in relation to the aspects of aesthetics and moral design. The director employed innovative techniques in cinematography that highlighted the importance of violence in the story to depict the level of sacrifice of the heroes in Omaha Beach (Prince, 2003, p.287). In this movie then it can be considered that the war scenes were realistically presented without excuses a nd concerns on the audience based on the fact that war is really violent (Hantke, 2010, p.707). Analysis The two movies are representations of different points in history in cinema. Based on the subject of violence they also represented different levels of depiction and purpose of violent scenes. Based on a reference, violence in films in Hollywood for example had been first noted around 1930s thus the Production Code Administration which approves scripts prior to filming and production. Prior to 1930s violence has already been an issue. For example in 1909, the period of silent films, violence became a way of expressing emotions in films since the manners of depicting stories were limited. During that time, the New York Board of Censorship made a move to establish a policy to hinder violent and gruesome scenes which will not help the message of the story in any way. Also, the actions that may lead to committing crimes such as ‘picking a lock or holding up a person’ wer e also prohibited (Prince, 2003, p.11). Although this is the case, violence still continued. With the advent of the sound technology in films, the effects of violent scenes became more realistic. Violence in movies had been very evident in the period represented by the two films. Between 1960s to 1970s the period when the Hellcats of the Navy was produced the

The Development of Management Essay Example for Free

The Development of Management Essay Q.1 (a) What are the functions of management? In your opinion which function is more important and why? Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each and every manger irrespective of his level or status. Planning It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, â€Å"Planning is deciding in advance what to do, when to do how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are where we want to be†. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc. Organizing It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol, â€Å"To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s†. To organize a business involves determining providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure. Staffing It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According to Kootz O’Donell, â€Å"Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure†. Directing It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Controlling It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo Haimann, â€Å"Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation†. According to Koontz O’Donell â€Å"Controlling is the measurement correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished. Planning is more important because, The first function of the Manager is planning. It is also the foremost and the essential function. Planning equips the Manager mentally to meet his tasks. To plan for the organization the Manager should first understand the culture and creed of the Organization, what it stands for what are its objectives. The Manager should study the resources available within the organization, as also the strength and weakness of the Organization. n the next phase the Manager should perceive the environment outside the organization and assess correctly the opportunities it provides and the challenges it poses. Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It also consists of policies, procedures, methods, budgets, strategy and programmes that are needed to achieve the goals set. Decision-making is the most important and integral part of planning

Essay --

It should be necessary to provide hydrogen in an enormous amount at a great price. However, it is possible to accept if hydrogen is produced without CO2 emission because CO2 elimination is energy demanding and costly process related with environment problem, such as greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, currently conventional process of hydrogen production is the steam reforming process which has highly CO2 emission. Currently, approximately 48 % of hydrogen derives from natural gas by steam reforming process, 30 % from oil reforming in the chemical manufacturing and 18 % from coal gasification.3 It replies that 96 % of the hydrogen production derives from fossil associated with a huge amount of CO2 emission. Only 4 % of hydrogen production is come from water electrolysis.4 It also expected that hydrogen production without CO2 technologies are the great wish for the future of a sustainable hydrogen economy. Zero CO2 emissions are possible when the raw materials are from renewable source such as bio-gas. For instance, water electrolysis with renewable electricity and thermo-chemical cycle processes using renewable heat are the representative hydrogen production without CO2 emission.5, 6 However, the cost of hydrogen production using renewable processes is currently prohibitive cost. Thus, a changeover to a hydrogen economy would probably start with hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, especially natural gas (NG). Steam reforming of natural gas process is the most efficient and generally used process for the hydrogen production in commercial field.7 Steam reforming process is basically the transformation of methane and water to hydrogen gas and carbon oxides, and has two main reactions, as shown in Fig. X:7 Synthesis gas genera... ...ches have a catalyst deactivation problem related with the carbon, which come from methane decomposition, can be covered on the catalyst surface. Therefore, it needs the burning process17 or gasifying with steam18 for removing carbon on the catalyst surface. However, gasification or combustion of carbon residues on the catalyst surface causes to produce a huge amount of CO2 as byproduct. So, there have been researched the concurrent production of hydrogen and nanostructured carbon by Ni-and Fe- catalyst for decomposition of methane.19, 20 Also, another group reported the possibility of using carbon materials as catalyst for thermal decomposition.21, 22 They reported carbon catalyst is an environment-friendly method to the production of hydrogen and carbon. Carbon is precious byproduct of the thermal-catalytic process. It could reduce the cost of hydrogen production.

Employment with a Criminal Background Essay -- Jobs Career

Employment with a Criminal Background Seeking employment is highly competitive, and it becomes more difficult when in poverty and with a criminal past. Many factors influence this complex situation. Hiring an exconvict does pose a risk to the employer, and negative stereotypes reinforce anxiety over this risk. A common belief is that a criminal background means a person can’t be trusted and that they might re-offend, and if the applicant re-offends the employer could be charged with negligent hiring. The theory that criminals commit crime for financial reasons suggests a linking between poverty and crime. Placing offenders in employment brings stability and serves to reduce the tendency to re-offend. There are training programs in and out of prison that have been designed to help ex-cons develop job skills; however success of these programs is still debatable. There are also horror stories of what some ex-cons have done in places of employment, including harm other employees. Thus it is understandable for employers to not want to be exposed to a risk but this does not help those in poverty with criminal records. The challenges ex-cons face trying to find employment as well as the options available to them will be further explored. There can be various factors that affect how an ex-con applicant is viewed and treated. Employers may look at the seriousness of the offense. For instance, people will more likely be hired after property offenses than after violent crime and murder (Albright and Furjen ). In a study measuring employer’s attitudes towards ex-con applicants, it was found the type of offense can play a big role in being hired. â€Å"Employers in this study also indicated that the more information they recei... ...-30. Jones, Mark and Barbara Sims. â€Å"Recidivism of offenders released from prison in North Carolina: a gender comparison.† Prison Journal 77.3 (Sept 1997): 335-49. Petersilia, Joan. When Prisoners Come Home. New York: Oxford, 2003. Saxonhouse, Elena. â€Å"Equal protection: comparing former felons' challenges to disenfranchisement and employment discrimination.† Stanford Law Review 56 (May 2004): 1597-1640). Tatge, Mark. â€Å"With Unemployment Low, Employers Turn to Ex-Cons to Fill Open.† Wall Street Journal 24 April 2000. 10 May 2005 . Turner, Susan and Joan Petersilia. â€Å"Work release in Washington: effects on recidivism and corrections costs.† Prison Journal 76.2 (June 1996): 138-65. Weygandt, Scott. â€Å"Focusing on employment: NIC's career center project.† Corrections Today 65.5 (August 2003): 112-15. Employment with a Criminal Background Essay -- Jobs Career Employment with a Criminal Background Seeking employment is highly competitive, and it becomes more difficult when in poverty and with a criminal past. Many factors influence this complex situation. Hiring an exconvict does pose a risk to the employer, and negative stereotypes reinforce anxiety over this risk. A common belief is that a criminal background means a person can’t be trusted and that they might re-offend, and if the applicant re-offends the employer could be charged with negligent hiring. The theory that criminals commit crime for financial reasons suggests a linking between poverty and crime. Placing offenders in employment brings stability and serves to reduce the tendency to re-offend. There are training programs in and out of prison that have been designed to help ex-cons develop job skills; however success of these programs is still debatable. There are also horror stories of what some ex-cons have done in places of employment, including harm other employees. Thus it is understandable for employers to not want to be exposed to a risk but this does not help those in poverty with criminal records. The challenges ex-cons face trying to find employment as well as the options available to them will be further explored. There can be various factors that affect how an ex-con applicant is viewed and treated. Employers may look at the seriousness of the offense. For instance, people will more likely be hired after property offenses than after violent crime and murder (Albright and Furjen ). In a study measuring employer’s attitudes towards ex-con applicants, it was found the type of offense can play a big role in being hired. â€Å"Employers in this study also indicated that the more information they recei... ...-30. Jones, Mark and Barbara Sims. â€Å"Recidivism of offenders released from prison in North Carolina: a gender comparison.† Prison Journal 77.3 (Sept 1997): 335-49. Petersilia, Joan. When Prisoners Come Home. New York: Oxford, 2003. Saxonhouse, Elena. â€Å"Equal protection: comparing former felons' challenges to disenfranchisement and employment discrimination.† Stanford Law Review 56 (May 2004): 1597-1640). Tatge, Mark. â€Å"With Unemployment Low, Employers Turn to Ex-Cons to Fill Open.† Wall Street Journal 24 April 2000. 10 May 2005 . Turner, Susan and Joan Petersilia. â€Å"Work release in Washington: effects on recidivism and corrections costs.† Prison Journal 76.2 (June 1996): 138-65. Weygandt, Scott. â€Å"Focusing on employment: NIC's career center project.† Corrections Today 65.5 (August 2003): 112-15.

Children and Television Essay

Nearly every household has access to television programming. With the variety of programs available children are exposed to many factors concerning choice. These choices can lead to a wide array of results depending on the type of content which is viewed. Positive programming can promote the learning of valuable skills and knowledge to enable success in life, while negative programming may have diverse opposite effects. The contents of television programming affect the health, behaviors and learned life skills in children. First, a discussion of physical health concerns. Television viewing by children can cause a variety of physical health concerns. Children face physical health issues because of the amount of time they spend watching television. A couple of these physical concerns are eyesight and eating disorders. The length of time children focus on the television screen, and the proximity they sit from the television screen, causes them to develop eyesight problems. Ideally, children should sit approximately â€Å"five feet away† from the television set according to McWilliams and Moulder. (1999) On the contrary, The Nemours Foundation explains the fallacy of children sitting close to television screens is not a cause of eyesight problems because children have the ability to focus at a closer distance than adults. (2010) In either event whether the sitting close to the television is the cause or a sign of an eye problem caution should still be used in not allowing children to sit too close to the television screen. Children also face problems with eating disorders from watching television. Children become fixated on programs causing inattention to their eating habits. Some children will not eat at all while others tend to overeat. These eating disorders are influenced by the content children are viewing through specific programming. One factor of this programming is that the advertisements target children encouraging them to desire specific products, such as how McDonalds offers toys to attract sales of their products. Findings of Zimmerman and Bell conclude, â€Å"Television viewing may be a sedentary activity, but it is not for that reason that it is associated with obesity in children. The relationship between television viewing and obesity among children is limited to commercial television viewing and probably operates through the effect of advertising obesogenic foods on television† (2010 p338). Children also face psychological health concerns in relation to television viewing. As children advance in age their minds become more developed giving them a better understanding of the environment surrounding them. Some content available on television causes specific phobias which â€Å"include fear of insects, snakes, and dogs; escalators, elevators, and bridges; high places; and open spaces† as well as many others† (Healthofchildren. com, 2012). The development of these phobias causes elevated anxiety levels in children. Children who watch many hours of graphic content such as horror movies, nature programs, and news broadcasts which implant images in their impressionable, young minds providing them with a sense that the world is an unsafe place. These anxieties influence different behaviors in children. Generally the negative content that can be viewed on television causes children to mimic behaviors and actions of the characters they see. â€Å"Repeated exposure to TV violence makes children less sensitive toward its effects on victims and the human suffering it causes† (Boyse, 2010). Children use their imagination during play. Children will oftentimes play games such as cops and robbers, cowboys and indians, or even mimic their favorite wrestling star causing harm to each other. These behaviors are viewed as unacceptable in society and can overflow into situations where the actions are inappropriate such as in school, grocery stores, or movie theaters. As children may not have a complete understanding of the motives of the content which they were presented though television, they may accept them as reality. However, the acceptance of this reality can cause positive behaviors as well. â€Å"Children imitate their parental role models that they love and trust; then they imitate other role models that might not be so worthy† ( Jagers, 2007). Depending on their understanding of the consequences of an action, children may choose a different mode of behavior concerning situations they encounter throughout their lives. A child who views someone getting burned may take caution when they are in a similar situation themselves. If a child observes someone calling 911 seeking assistance in an emergency situation, when confronted with this type of situation they will think to use this to their advantage. Some television shows for children encourage positive behaviors such as empathy, kindness, and helping others. These television shows encourage emotional development allowing children to display positive behaviors. One show that has these qualities is â€Å"Dora the Explorer† which highlights characters helping each other, helping other characters to achieve tasks, and being kind by using polite language such as please and thank you. Shows like â€Å"Dora the Explorer† provide children with a foundation of necessary life skills. Children learn various life skills such as social roles and interactions through the content of television programming. Television characters through their interactions teach children how to behave within certain situations. Viewing these interactions give children a guideline of social behaviors in a variety of situations that allow children to react to real life situations in a similar manner. The roles are not limited to specific situations in childhood, but reach across the lifespan. Children use television as an expectation of real life situations. A child who views family based programs will conclude a model of functionality within a family. Some shows portray families that are functional whereas other shows portray dysfunctional families. These programs provide children a model to relate their personal experiences. If a child comes from a dysfunctional family they may envy the lives of characters in functioning television families. In other ways, when viewing a dysfunctional family on television, a child may find new methods to solve problems within their own family. Television shows such as â€Å"Reba† may give children who are subject to divorce and remarriage of their parents a way to deal with the new family life they encounter. Also the gender roles highlighted on television provide children with expectations they should follow in their own lives. For girls, television may portray female roles of characters as mother, caregiver, and oftentimes business women. For boys, male character roles may be portrayed as father, disciplinarian, and supporter of the family. These expectations learned provide a productive model a child should attain in the eyes of society. Consequently, later in life a child’s impression of social rules and roles become part of their personality and can become individualized. This allows a boy who wishes to become a nurse not to view this decision as deviant. Another source of skills for success in life learned through television is the acquisition of knowledge and academic skills. â€Å"Children imitate their parental role models that they love and trust; then they imitate other role models that might not be so worthy† (Kirkman, Wartella, and Anderson, 2008, p. 47). One area of knowledge present in television shows targeted toward children is the recognition and association of letters, numbers and words. Children can be taught at a young age the association between what they are presented and hat they perceive, such as the #1 and the letter A. Through the elementary impression of these concepts a child learns secondary concepts such as reading, writing, and more. Some programming encourages the learning of foreign languages such as Chinese Spanish and French by exposing children to these languages making these concepts fun to learn. The acquisition of all these skills through television occurs in a passive manner. A child does not realize they are learning the content they perceive making television an effective outlet for teaching. Another skill set taught through television is problem solving through visual examples. As children view others making decisions concerning real life situations they can refer back to the outcome of a similar situation they may have previously viewed. This allows for them to make educated choices within their own lives or experiences. Such programs show the process one must take in problem solving, empowering them with the skills to decipher between right and wrong. Television also presents a less desirable outcome for successful life skills. Children who view content inappropriate for their age struggle with academics as well as face specific challenges later in life. As children gain an understanding of the content they are watching on television the presence of these struggles begins to decrease in their influential strength. An effect previously mentioned of children mimicking behaviors viewed on television, if a child learns and reflects defiant behavior toward authority the effect will not only cause poor grades but also dropping out of school. The child will avoid homework assignments because of the commands and deadlines made by the teacher. This defiance of authority leads to reprisals from administrators such as principals and academic counselors. Another challenge to the academic lives of children is the presence of structure in schools. This struggle exists because television can be accessed at any time whereas school has a specific schedule. A child struggles to focus during these times. A major cause of this inattention is that television produces a higher level of activity than school. Naturally the child would choose the more stimulating activity, which in the eyes of the child is television.

Jussive (Clauses) Definition and Examples

Jussive (Clauses) Definition and Examples A jussive is a type of clause (or a form of a verb) that expresses an order or command. In Semantics (1977), John Lyons notes that the term imperative sentence is often employed by other writers in the broader sense that we have given here to jussive sentence; and this can lead to confusion. Etymology: from the Latin, command Example Jussives include not only imperatives, as narrowly defined, but also related non-imperative clauses, including some in subjunctive mood: Be sensible.You be quiet.Everybody listen.Lets forget it.Heaven help us.It is important that he keep this a secret. The term jussive is, however, used to some extent as a syntactic label, and in this use would not include commands expressed as straight declaratives, e.g. You will do what I say. In popular grammars, where the term is not used, such structures would be dealt with under an expanded imperative label and under subjunctives. (Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Commentary Jussive: A term sometimes used in the grammatical analysis of verbs, to refer to a type of mood often equated with an imperative (leave!), but in some languages needing to be distinguished from it. For example, in Amharic, a jussive paradigm is used for wishes (May God give you strength), greetings, and certain other contexts, and this is formally distinct from the imperative. (David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 4th ed. Blackwell, 1997)Imperatives constitute a subclass of a somewhat larger class of jussive clauses. . . . Non-imperative jussives include main clauses like The devil take the hindmost, God save the queen, So be it, and subordinate clauses like [It is essential] that he accompany her, [I insist] that they not be told. The construction exemplified here is productive only in subordinate clauses: the main clauses are virtually restricted to fixed expressions or formulae. Like imperatives they have a base form as first verb... A number of other relative ly minor main clause constructions might be included in the jussive category: May you be forgiven!, If that is what the premier intends, let him say so, and so on. (Rodney Huddleston, English Grammar: An Outline. Cambridge University Press, 1988) [John] Lyons [Semantics, 1977: 747] argues that the imperative can only be, strictly, second person, and never third person (or first person). This may, however, be no more than a terminological issue, since first and third person imperatives are often simply called jussives. Bybee (1985: 171) suggests that where there is a full set of person-number forms the term optative is used, but this is not entirely suitable in view of the fact that the term is used traditionally for the optative mood in Classical Greek (8.2.2)...  The term Jussive (plus Imperative) is preferred here. (F. R. Palmer, Mood and Modality, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001)

Oppression-three licks

1. Oppression-three licks for speaking spanish, talking back, speech classes. Traditions of silence-well bred girls dont answer back, big mouth, questioning, carrying tales but not parallel to men. (nostros-nostros) It again brings to the forefront that women or children should be seen and not heard. Nevermind that an open mouth should indicate that they would like to be heard, the most important thing should be not to let flies enter it. This leads back to Anzaldà ºa's point of taming a wild tongue. In order to tame it, the mouth should also be closed...silenced. Silence is also another form of oppression in many women's lives. Is this where the phrase 'Silence is golden' originated? Later on in the selection, she tells us that "language is a male discourse" (54). Perhaps that is why females are taught not to have big mouths. The adjective is placed in front of the "American" in order to separate the individual (or minority) from white Americans. It seems to me now ! to imply that they are not completely American. The name then puts the individual inbetween two identities, but not completely in either. Language is definitive of culture. Chicano Spanish~mutilation of Spanish, not Anglo (pocho-distorts sounds of a language). Illegitimate, a bastard language. Childhood, repeated attacks, continuos. English as a neutral language. Linguistic Terrorism," Anzaldua speaks of how Chicano Spanish as a bastard language. We are looked down upon by other Spanish Speakers because they say we speak a poor Spanish. As stated before, it is not a poor Spanish. It is just a way of identifying ourselves from everyone else. We are the unwanted Spanish. Unwanted by everyone, but ourselves 2. Some on the campus immediately decried the new logo as offensive, but it wasn't just the logo that bothered them. They didn't think much of the use of a Sioux Indian as the university's mascot. Last month, mor