Teaching Patient To Administer Injection †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Teaching Patient To Administer Injection? Answer: Introduction This teaching plan will highlight on educating a patient with self administration of clexane injection. The clexane injection is a type of heparin based injection that will be administered to treat blood clots. The teaching plan will help the patients self-administer the drug that will be effective in reducing the blood clots. The teaching will be directed to the patient who recently had valve fitted after surgery. This will help to address the bleeding problems in patient (Kamel, El-Faissal, Aboulghar, Mansour, Serour, Aboulghar, (2016)). The teaching will be done for the patient by the Business along with patient being offered on an educational pamphlet. The teaching plan in nursing practice will play a vital role in monitoring and thus educating the patients about the safe use of clexane injection. The education style of the nurses depend on the patients learning style. (Peter, Robinson, Jordan, Lawrence, Casey, Salas-Lopez, 2015). There will be learning context, learning type, learning aims, and outcomes, teaching strategies, methods, anticipated strengths and limitations. The teaching plan will also follow an evaluation plan, summary and conclusion. The main focus will be to teach about appropriate dosage preparation, drug administration, choosing the site of administration and method of giving the subcutaneous injection (Ryan, Lara, Porter, Kaiser, 2016). Learning context setting The topic in which the nurses will conduct the teaching is the manual of handling the syring with correct dose of clexane injection. The teaching program will be made in the small hospital in the patient room. Face to face teaching will be supported with internet resources and pen and paper to keep note about the methodology. The teaching session will take place in the hospital of the rural area. The teaching of self administration of clexane drug will be very effective there as direct interaction with patient will be possible. The direct teaching will help them to clearly understand the technique to subcutaneous injection and the dosage that is to be used (Richardson, Percy, Hughes, (2015)., 2015). The health organization will give full support and involvement to making the learning procedure a success. The teaching will be conducted face to face with the patient by showing the demo of using the self administration of clexane injection (Krashen, 2014)). The nurses can use the resource of an internet to give the patient the appropriate context of learning. The learning should be done face to face that will help them understand more on the procedure. The patient can even clarify the doubts when required. Such a learning context provides patient centered positive outcomes. Learning needs evidence For patients, having clear knowledge about safe medicine administration is important to prevent adverse drug event and avoid any complications. The teaching plan will aim to focus on addressing clients lack of knowledge in the area of self administration of clexane injection (Breathnach, Karip, McCoy, Cleary, Quinlan, 2016). There can be potential harm associated with self administration of the injection like for example if the correct dose is not given the clots may not dissolve properly(Eur Thornhill, 2016). Thus the teaching plan is to be constructed such that it will teach the patient with correct usage of the syringe. As the blood clots are regular issues after surgery, the injection of clexane dose is required extensively. The correct use of intake of a dose is to be taught along with that. The teaching will assure the use of the correct method of handling the syringe for self administration before and after the surgery(Ciftci Avsa, 2017). This skill needs to be taught other wise the clots will not be treated properly. There is evidence of the wrong dosage of clexane leading to constriction of blood vessels. Thus correct dose of cleane should be administered. There are also problems related to the wrong administration of injection leading to problems like sites of injections can be itchy and bruised, hard lumbs that could cause bleeding. Learner type The learner in this nursing education is going to be one patient based. The patient belonged to aboriginal in origin, thus had different socio cultural background. The learning needs are to considered before the teaching session. The nurses should have to understand beforehand if they are willing to understand the topics. In this context they must be culturally aware of the beliefs of the Aboriginal patient and deliver the teaching accordingly. If the patient is not willing to understand then the nurses can socialize and talk to the relatives and family members. The teaching plan is going to help the nurses to set up effective goals in managing the clots. The socio cultural background of the patient is to be considered before the teaching plan. The learning focuses here mainly on the learner who had undergone heart surgery after a stroke. The nurses must be well aware of the allergic condition of heparin, presence of bacterial infection. They are going to guide on the medicaments tha t cannot be used while taking clexane like aspirin. The patient needs to be evaluated in the teaching session to see if the patient is able to fulfill the learning needs. Nurses here will understand the anticipated gaps that can come with knowledge and skills. The readiness of learning of the patient should be noticed. The technique that the nurses can use here is the teach-back method (Mahramus, Penoyer, Frewin, Wilson, Sole, 2014). In this way the nurses through communication will confirm if the patient understood what was explained. The teach back method is done in such a way that is to make the patient repeat what was said. Learning aims and outcomes For the learning outcomes and aims one can set up the SMART goal. The realistic teaching goals will be made by using the principles of SMART techniques. Specific- To teach patient centered use of self administration of clexane injection safety. Measurable- The teaching plan will involve single patient. Achievable- The aim is achievable as it will be treating the patient with blood clots Realistic- The self administration of the clexane drugs are going to be useful in the reducing the blood clots anytime at critical conditions. Time bound- The teaching goal will be achieved by the end of August. The learning objectives of this teaching The learning objective is demonstrating the correct position of subcutaneous site and how to handle the needle correctly. The outcome of the learning technique This will be helpful for the patient to learn the technique in subcutaneous injection , identifying the correct injection sites, copying with the need for the correct use of dose and the affective outcome and the psychomotor outcome of the injection.(Mengiardi, et al., 2014). Teaching theories and strategies The learning theory that the nurses can use in the teaching is the behaviorist learning theory (Moon, 2013). This will be specific learning theory as it is to be done with the ground of addressing a specific condition of one patient. The teaching theories and strategies will be dependent on cultural awareness. The nurses before introducing any teaching plan they should construct the teaching plan based on the observable situation of the patient (Masters, 2015). The method they can include is showing them computer presentation of the manual of handling the subcutaneous injection. Such presentation may be useful for trapping the attention of the patient and the patient can absorb well. The nurse must fix plan accordingly. For this as mentioned, the nurse, needs to be must be culturally competent(Alligood, 2014) . The teaching session must be made interesting so to attract the patient in learning the health conditions and understanding the usefulness of self administration of clexane wh en required. The nurses must consider the weakness, limitations, and strengths while conducting their teaching. They can even include the family members in this. The teaching plan is going to be made on the basis the following (Grzegorski, Andrzejewska, Ka?mierski, 2015): Demonstrating the patient with correct technique for using subcutaneous injection Regular checking of blood pressure Discuss on the possible injection sites Using of the patient literature to explain the techniques Discuss on the correct disposal of injections To teach on the correct storage of the clexane drug. The overall plan of this teaching session is that the patient is going to gain knowledge and skill in self administration of the correct dose of clexane injection at the emergency time. Anticipated strengths and limitations There may be challenges faced due to the limited time to have the education discussion with the patients. The economic resources required in the field may not be found. The major strength for the nurses will come if the management in the organization health care support the team with the teaching plan. The managers must allow for the peer education of the nurses about the clots and the use of the correct dose of clexane in the situations. The right training of nurses are required as this is useful to help the nurses to give the correct teaching on easy use of the injection in self administration. The major strength focuses on the communication and good rapport that will be gained with the teaching sessions. The challenges that are faced with the teaching plan can be resisted by using the alternative resources if available. The nurses must very well study the backgrounds of group of patients that will be approached. Evaluation plan The effective teaching can be ensured with proper evaluation program. The evaluation can be self centered showing the way nurses themselves are capable for conducting the teaching plans. The other can be overall evaluation (Keating, 2014). This is done by evaluating the overall nursing procedures of teaching. According to the evaluation in health care education, by Bastable 2016, we can review about the evaluation procedure. The evaluation process here will depend on the education process, decision making process (Bastable, 2016). These will follow the procedure of gathering, summarizing, interpreting and using those data to determine the extent by which the teaching procedure will require update in action. In this cyclic technique way both the teaching and learning can be judged. This is effective to judge the interventions that are taken to teach the patients on the manual of handling the injections with clexane drugs. The effective evaluation plan done with evidence based study wi ll help them to understand their strength and weakness in the plan (Shin, Park, Kim, 2015). Evaluation plan will judge all their requirements and challenges they are facing in this teaching session (Jeffreys, 2015). Conclusion This report has presented the summary of the teaching plan that is related to the self administration of clexane injection. This teaching plan is conducted for one patient. It will give the patient the correct idea of handling the subcutaneous injection of clexane drug. This is going to teach the patients about the right dose of a drug and the time to use it. This will aim to provide all the requirements of an importance of learner context, learning need evidence, learner type, learning aims outcomes, teaching theories, strengths weakness, and the evaluation plan. The main aim of the teaching session is that it is going to deliver holistic one patient centered treatment in managing the clots by self administering clexane when the conditions required. The use of the teaching strategy of the nurses like teach-back method will ensure the nurses if the patients had understood the teaching that was delivered to them. The learning that is required here is the behaviorist type followed by t he environment that is dependent on the current cultural belief and condition of the patient. References Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bastable, S. B. (2016). Essentials of patient education. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Breathnach, O., Karip, E., McCoy, G., Cleary, M., Quinlan, J. (2016). Post-operative prevention of venous thromboembolism in hip and knee arthroplasty surgery: a study of the combined use of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban. . Orthop. Res. Physiother.,2, 020. Ciftci, B., Avsa. (2017). Assessment of Three Sites in Terms of Bruising in Subcutaneous Heparin Management. International Journal, , 0(1), 285. Eur, P., Thornhill, O. N. (2016). Pre-filled syringe with safety needle device. Grzegorski, T., Andrzejewska, N., Ka?mierski, R. (2015). Reversal of antithrombotic treatment in intracranial hemorrhageA review of current strategies and guidelines. 49(4), 278-289. Jeffreys, M. R. (2015). Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action, and innovation. Springer Publishing Company. Kamel, A. M., El-Faissal, Y., Aboulghar, M., Mansour, R., Serour, G. I., Aboulghar, M. ((2016)). Does intrauterine injection of low-molecular-weight heparin improve the clinical pregnancy rate in intracytoplasmic sperm injection?.. .Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine , 43(4), 247-252. Keating, S. B. (2014). urriculum development and evaluation in nursing. Springer Publishing Company. Krashen, S. (2014)). The common core.Knowledge Quest. 42(3), 36. Mahramus, T., Penoyer, D. A., Frewin, S. C., Wilson, D., Sole, M. L. (2014). Assessment of an educational intervention on nurses' knowledge and retention of heart failure self-care principles and the Teach Back method.Heart Lung. The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, , 43(3), 204-212. Masters, K. (2015). Role development in professional nursing practice.. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Mengiardi, S., Tsakiris, D. A., Molnar, V., Kohlhaas-Styk, U., Mittag, M., Kraehenbuehl, S., et al. (2014). Impact of pharmaceutical care on self-administration of outpatient low-molecular-weight heparin therapy. Pharmacology pharmacy, , 5, 372-38. Moon, J. A. (2013). Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Peter, D., Robinson, P., Jordan, M., Lawrence, S., Casey, K., Salas-Lopez, D. (2015). Reducing readmissions using teach-back: enhancing patient and family education. Journal of Nursing Administration, , 45(1), 35-42. Richardson, C., Percy, M., Hughes, J., (2015). (2015). Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy. Nurse education today , 35(5), e1-e5. Ryan, P. L., Lara, E., Porter, M., Kaiser, L. (2016). Using Simulation to Better Prepare Perianesthesia Nurses to Handle Emergency Situations in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, , 1(4), e44-e45. Shin, S., Park, J. H., Kim, J. H. (2015). Effectiveness of patient simulation in nursing education: meta-analysis. Nurse education today , 35(1), 176-182.

Customer Service In Hospitality Management Customer Service

Question: Discuss about the Customer Service In Hospitality Management for Customer Service? Answer: In order to conduct a research interview for customer service in a restaurant the analyst has chosen the restaurant named Terroirs in London. The restaurant has been established in 5 William IV St at London. The restaurant provides a variety of foods including Spanish, Italian, organic wines, cured meals and lots more. A research interview for customer service of this restaurant has been conducted in the following: 1) What is the reason behind choosing this restaurant? The menu of this restaurant is focused at serving best to the customers. The restaurant produces seasonal food. Changes in the food regularly reflect the quality of the food (Paget, 2015). One of the main reasons for choosing Terroirs restaurant is that it produces homemade charcuterie and source cured meats of Italy, Spain and France. 2) Did you feel comfortable when you have entered into the system? The system of this restaurant was quite coordinated and systematic. The atmosphere of the restaurant was lively. The vibrant atmosphere of the restaurant will attract the customer more than once towards the restaurant (Ro, 2014). The sitting arrangement of this restaurant was perfect to dine and launch. It is a perfect place to have dinner and enjoy one or two glass of wine. The restaurant provides a special type of fish soup which is very nice. There is no such irritating factor however the decoration of the restaurant can be better. 3) Your experience with the staff of Terroirs restaurant. The numbers of staff this restaurant have were about 100. The staff of this restaurant was quite friendly and attentive. They staffs make the customers of the restaurant feel like home. The staffs are very much knowledgeable about their food and wine they serve (Schmidt, 2015). They make the customers feel relaxed inside the restaurant. However the number of staff can be increased in order to better serve the customers. 4) Your experience with the service quality of the restaurant. The restaurant is very much flexible with the delivery of the food and wine in time. The restaurant very much capable of preparing the order and make delivery of this as soon as possible. The delivery service is like a pillar of its service quality (Yagil and Luria, 2015). They provide quicker service after getting order. The customers need not to wait more for getting delivery. The refund system of this restaurant attracts more that refunds the money in wrong delivery. 5) How was the accessories and payment system of the restaurant? The accessories provided by this restaurant are very interesting. They provide a special type of napkin in which the tag of this restaurant is attached. The napkins are very smooth. The foil cutter that is black finished is very convenient for wine sector. Many types of flavored condiments are also provided by this restaurant that enhances the quality of the food. Condiments are sometimes provided as a complement of dishes. The prices of the food of this restaurant are affordable to all kind of customer (Ro, 2014). However high quality food demands high price. The customers who want to have food in the restaurants itself can pay for the food by cash or even by card. The online shop of this restaurant uses secure system of payment where the customers can confidently use their credit card in a safe mode. 6) Your experience about the quality of the food. The restaurant provides a variety of foods including Spanish, Italian, organic wines, cured meals and lots more. Although foods are limited but those are very tasty. They provide wide variety of wine (Schmidt, 2015). They also provide local wine of special quality. The restaurant is famous for providing special type of fish soup. Reference List Paget, Z. (2015). Managing Customer Service.Veterinary Record, 176(9), p.i-ii. Ro, H. (2014). Customer Dissatisfaction Responses to Restaurant Service Failures: Insights Into Noncomplainers From a Relational Perspective.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, 24(4), pp.435-456. Schmidt, D. (2015). Product-Service Systems for Influencing Customer Barriers and Customer Acceptance.JOEBM, 3(10). Yagil, D. and Luria, G. (2015). Customer forgiveness of unsatisfactory service: manifestations and antecedents.Serv Bus.

Is it boon or bane free essay sample

The pork barrel scam has always been a very sensational issue which erupted on July of 2013. Many people did raise their eyebrows at anyone upon hearing such issue. But some just don’t care anyway. So, what really makes this issue ring the bell among all the Filipino people of this time? What is pork barrel? Is it a bane or boon? Pork barrel has been interchangeably used with PDAF (Priority Development Assistance Fund). Pork barrel is a political slang used to describe a government appropriation, bill or policy that supplies funds for local improvements. Under the pork barrel system, each branch of the government (legislative, judiciary and executive) has its own pork barrel allocation. The controversy however, has centered more on the legislative’s pork barrel. The pork barrel’s history can be traced back in the pre-Civil War period, where its possible origin can be traced among three practices: (1) The practice of the landowner setting aside a definite portion of salted pork in wooden barrels for their black slaves, (2) the practice of American farmers in preserving pork in barrels in anticipation of hardships of winter, when the pork was shared with their needy neighbors and (3) that it comes from an old adage â€Å"Bring home the bacon. We will write a custom essay sample on Is it boon or bane? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Pork barrel couldn’t just simply be pork barrel without the scam at the end which makes it clamor for public attention. Pork barrel has never been new to the Philippine society. As a matter of fact, this law has been introduced in the Philippine government in the year 1922. This so called fund was established as a public fund intentionally for public purposes, like building of public infrastructures, schools, health assistance, livelihood assistance, scholarships and the like. However, the things that are supposedly allocated for some better purpose goes nowhere but in the many deep pockets of our corrupt politicians. All of these things all boil down to the term pork barrel spending. This term pertains to the unwise, improper and unjust spending of the pork barrel in the hands of these dirty politicians, which lead to the pork barrel scam. As we all know, from the very beginning that the government was solely made for the people, by the people to the people. Therefore this improper spending of the pork barrel has legitimately defied all the principles of what true governance is. Therefore, this act is painstakingly an immoral act. Basing it from the social teachings of the church, such people are in their authority to lead and not to exploit and most especially to serve and not to abuse. These people exploit the money that the people pay as taxes, which in return nothing goes back to the one who must benefit it, which in this case the act of this spending can be none other termed as stealing. I believe that the idea of pork barrel is a system that could help alleviate the condition of the poorest among the poor in the society or it is something that can make the society a better place to live; in that is a given fact. This is made to help the people, the society and the country to be the best of it can. However, in the hands of the dirty politicians, this kind of systems turns out to be immoral for this goes nowhere but in the own pockets of the greedy crocodiles. Therefore, I conclude that this is no longer a great a help in our society since this system grows a generation of politicians the turns out to be selfish, greedy and the worst monsters. Which makes this pork barrel simply BANE.

Essay Topics For College Students

Essay Topics For College StudentsIf you are planning to submit an example argumentative essay to your college English department, it is important that you understand the basics of essay writing and the factors that will affect your final grade. By knowing a few key points in essay writing, you will be able to see clearly what is expected of you and how much you need to know before you begin writing.Beginning with factual information, or an 'idea,' is one of the best examples of essay topics for college students. It is important to present as much information as possible, including all points of view in order to provide a balanced evaluation of an issue. Focus on the facts rather than trying to convince or persuade the reader.For example argumentative essay topics for college students, it is important to write in a clear and straightforward manner. Using jargon, including complicated terms, is not a good idea, nor is presenting opinions that are contrary to the facts of the argument. Your goal is to present the facts as accurately as possible in order to help the reader make a rational decision.You can also find many great examples of essay topics for college students when you consider looking at essay topics in certain areas, such as politics, religion, and even the arts. When you look at these topics, you can see a wide variety of topics that are commonly used by college students in their writing. By considering how a typical college student would approach an argument or topic, you can get a better idea of what kind of arguments or topics to use for an example argumentative essay.With respect to the subject matter, you should always have a personal viewpoint that is completely unique to you. This makes you unique from every other author in the essay, which will make your essay stand out as a special work of literature. You can help make this point by allowing the reader to come to aconclusion based on your personal experience rather than the experiences of oth ers.Your essay must contain a strong balance of original content and accepted information. Remember that the original content is what the reader wants to read, but they are distracted by the accepted information that they need to digest. By making sure that the accepted information is concise and clearly stated, you can give the reader a clear understanding of the issues at hand.For example argumentative essay topics for college students, keep in mind that the most successful essays and papers are those that follow professional writing principles. In other words, your essay should not only be informative and original, but it should also show the reader how your opinions are based on solid facts. By using the same academic writing practices and by following rules like using proper grammar and proofreading, you can create a quality essay that will stand out from the rest.Finally, remember that you must show your audience that you know your topic very well, which is why it is so import ant to learn about essay topics for college students before you begin writing. Research the topic that you wish to write about, along with the different rules and guidelines that will allow you to write effectively. Taking the time to understand the basic rules of essay writing can be the difference between a poor essay and a high-quality essay.

Financial Information System Essays

Financial Information System Essays Financial Information System Essay Financial Information System Essay It is one of the most modern, largest vertically integrated textile company in Pakistan. Insist Mills Ltd. Is amongst Pakistanis oldest and most respected institutions in the field of textile processing. Insist Apparel is a state of the art facility and was incepted in May 2007. Initially Insist Apparel used Data Flex for its operational and informational needs. This system was implemented for several years but, as the business was experiencing phenomenal growth, coupled with several inherent shortcomings of the system, the growing information needs of the company along with the technological advancement in the ERP field necessitated Nights move to a more sophisticated and advanced system. These reasons have been detailed as follows: Issues with initial system (Data flex): Obsolete: The version of Data flex that was being used at Insist Mills was out-dated and no further vendor support was available for it. Insist was expanding in terms of business and complexity. Thus they required greater support from their system which it was unable to provide. As there was no vendor support to modify the system as per their needs, they had no option else than to switch to an alternative with better vendor support. : Incapable of processing high volume of transactions efficiently: The expansion of Insist Mills resulted in a similar increase in transaction volume that needed processing. The Data flex system with its out dated technology was unable to efficiently handle huge volume of transactions. This resulted in operating in-efficiency and higher costs. The old system thus became the weak link that needed to be replaced in order to support the growth of Nights operations while allowing a greater operating efficiency. Non-centralized database: The initial Data Flex system had a non-centralized database thus each department at Insist Apparel had to maintain its own data leading to great deal of data attendance. Since each department had to update its data separately there were several sets of data being maintained and updating data was not an easy Job. Multiple versions of same data developed inconsistencies which resulted in loss of data integrity. Furthermore, it was not possible for departments to share data with each other, thus each department was effectively working in isolation. Batch Processing: Insist Apparel was competing in the international market for clients like Levies and Dockers. One of the compelling requirements of time was to give short lead times amidst its international competitors. This could not be achieved with the initial Data Flex system which was based on batch processing. There was a time lag between occurrence of business event and the correspondent transaction being processed. This means that the only time the master data was up-to-date was right after the processing has been completed. As soon as the next business event occurs, the master data are no longer up-to-date. This led to lack of proper information for decision making Choice of ERP system: While shifting to new ERP system Insist Group had three basic concerns; they wanted to have a centralized data base, real time transaction processing and a yester that could handle large volume of transactional data. They decided to switch to the Oracle ERP System since it could best cater to their informational needs with respect to the large volume of transactions and also provide the other features that were required, as mentioned above. Oracle ERP system could provide the following benefits to Insist: Better integration across departments Up-to-date database No processing lags caused by the system Better internal controls Improve customer service Reduced lead time Better management decisions Better inventory management Cheaper procurement. Lower costs. Transition Phase: Training Sessions: In order to move from Data Flex to Oracle, month long training sessions were conducted for the employees to train them to work on the oracle system. During this period, they were also made to work on dummy data in order to strengthen their command on the new system. After the conclusion of the training period, one-on-one sessions were carried out with the employees to check for any shortcomings and further build upon their learning. The company had to slightly modify their methods of operation in order to align them with the best practices as dictated by the Oracle yester. Modular Approach: A modular approach was undertaken for the implementation of the Oracle system. The system was installed on a department wise basis like Accounts, Purchase, Inventory, Human Resource and more. Within each department, internal controls were developed to ensure that the organization meets its objectives, such as system logins for users to avoid UN-authorized access. Furthermore, system was modified according to the needs of different units of Insist Mills. For example in Insist Apparel, keeping in mind its nature of business, demand gets generated automatically once bill of materials is prepared which is not a requirement for spinning , weaving or dyeing unit of Insist Mills. Running parallel systems: The older system was still operating in parallel to the new system so that business activities would not be affected. A centralized database was developed and data was transferred from the old system to the Oracle database. During the day, employees used to work on Data Flex and at the day end they transferred the whole days data to the Oracle database. Employees were required to put in extra hours for this purpose. Duration of transition phase: The entire changeover from Data Flex to Oracle consumed nearly 1. -2 years and is still undergoing minor development. For instance, the ERP system pertaining to Human Resource is still undergoing modifications to best meet the organizational needs. Problems Faced: Employee trainings: The employees were acquainted with Data Flex and in order to switch them over to the new system, trainings were conducted. This put on additional stress in terms of loss of time, business process efficiency and HRS costs. Downsizing: Dat a Flex required more manpower to operate the system in contrast to Oracle which squired fewer people. The firm had to downsize as there was excess manpower employed within the firm as per required by Oracle. The layoffs resulted in loss of morale with existing employees and many suffered from the survivor syndrome. Resistance from employees: The decision to upgrade to the new system was not warmly received by some of the employees as they had a thorough command on the previous system. Their ease with the existing system made them unreceptive to change and expressed their displeasure. As a result, they had to be motivated and educated to make the change successful. Information sequencing issues: Insist had a great deal of redundancy within its database. There were multiple versions of the same data stored. This has put on additional problems while transferring data into the new centralized database. They were unsure as to how to consolidate the different versions of data in the new database. Setting up wireless communication links: Successful implementation of Oracle required the set up of wireless routers across offices. This resulted in huge costs to establish the infrastructure that complemented the use of Oracle. Explanation of Entries of Control Matrix The purchase cycle is broadly classified into three sub-processes; purchase requisition, receipt of goods and payable. We have identified the following present controls and we will analyze how these controls meet the operational and informational goals: Pl- Automatic Notification of Inventory Falling Below Re-order Level: Effectiveness goal C: The ERP system is designed in a way that it automatically notifies the store dept. Whenever the inventory level falls below the re-order level thus ensuring the effectiveness of goal C which states that the inventory level should not fall below the re-order level. Efficient employment of resources: The ERP system automatically informs for inventory shortfalls thus eliminating the need on part of humans to physically check (count) for inventory levels. This leads to efficient employment of resources since no manpower and time is utilized for this purpose. PA- Pre-Formatted Screens For All Internal Documents: Efficient employment of resources: The internal documents in the purchase cycle are in the form of pre-formatted screens. Structured entry cells allow user to reduce the number of keystrokes and increase efficiency by displaying only the required information in a desired format to he user. Input Accuracy, Update Accuracy: Due to pre-formatted screens, once a particular field is filled, the cursor moves to the next field on the screen automatically, thus preventing the user from omitting any required data set. Incorrectly filled fields are rejected, hence reducing errors. *Wherever input accuracy or completeness is ensured, update accuracy and completeness are automatically ensured in ERP systems because update occurs in real-time as soon as something is input. PA- Compare input with master data and Automatic Population of Data: Efficient employment of resources: The automatic population of fields from the master data leads to lesser key strokes which improve the speed and productivity of data entry personnel. Input Validity: The automatic population of data from master data as the information passes through various stages is a testament to the fact that information is being accessed and added on different documents from existing records and those data establish authorization for the transaction. Input Accuracy Update Accuracy: Fewer key strokes and use of data called up from existing records reduce the possibility of errors. PA- Record Input: Automatic recording of input event data by system increases efficiency PA- Interactive Feedback Checks: Input Update completeness: Interactive feedback checks display to the user that the input has been accepted and hence ensures data completeness. PA- Online Approval by HOOD: Ensure security of resources: The Hoods approval at several stages during the purchase process ensures that the companys resources would not be misappropriated for any invalid purposes. Input validity: Hoods approval is required when a demand requisition/POP is being made and when the payable data is being processed. He only approves an event after verifying its Aladdin. Therefore the Hoods approval is proof of the validity of the event reflected in the document being approved. PA- Display Requisition to Relevant Purchase Person: Effectiveness goal A: They have assigned particular procurement items to specific purchase persons due to which they have developed expertise in purchase of those items. This helps to ensure that a vendor that will provide the best quality at the optimum price by the required delivery date (on favorable terms) will be selected. Efficient employment of resources: Automatic routing of only the relevant purchase requisitions to concerned researchers saves them from the trouble of finding the items that have been assigned to them for procurement from all the raised requisitions. PA- Key Purchase Terms in SSP: The authorized person selects the most favorable mode of purchase (Comparative Statement, LLC or Cash) which meets our effectiveness goal A. PA- Maintaining Approved Vendor Data: This allows the purchase personnel to quickly access the approved vendors in the database that they already dealt with and know their repute so they do not need to search for a vendor every time they need to buy a particular item. This saves time ND leads to efficiency. PA- Prepare Quotation Entry Form (Including Tallest 3 Vendors): Effectiveness goal A: While preparing quotation entry form, three relevant suppliers are shortlist and then they are asked to provide quotations. This short-listing of three suppliers out of many helps ensure effectiveness of goal A which states that finally only the vendor providing the best quality at the lowest price by promised delivery date should be selected. POI- Preparation and Manual approval of Comparative statement: Effectiveness Goal A: After receiving short-listed quotations, the HOOD compares the vendors in the imperative statement and selects the required vendor keeping in mind that the optimum combination of price and quality is being achieved. Pl 1- Preparation, Approval and Dispatch of POP by HOOD: The clerk brings the POP in the name of the selected vendor to the HOOD. The HOOD ensures that the POP is made in the name of the approved supplier by approving POP online. This ensures the selection of a vendor who will provide the best quality at the optimum price. Input Validity: Approval by the HOOD ensures the validity of the purchase order. PEP- Approval of Invoice by comparing with POP: Effectiveness Goal D: The invoice received from supplier is matched with the POP and then approved to ensure that correct payments are made to the relevant supplier. Input validity: By verifying from the master data that the invoice has been received against an actual POP, validity of invoice will be confirmed. By checking the approval on invoice, the possibility of entering invalid event data is reduced. Input Accuracy: By checking the approval on invoice, it is ensured that the amount on the invoice is accurate. As the master data is not being updated at this point, so update accuracy would not apply. PEP- Prepare copy for record keeping: Security of resources: Keeping records for transactions allows user to keep a track of the resources employed and this ensures the security of resources. PEP- Manual Comparison of Delivery Callahan with POP and Entering receiving data in gate office: Effectiveness Goal The gate person compares delivery Callahan with POP to ensure that the goods received are not different from the demanded goods and if that is the case, then he has the authority to reject them right at the gate. Input Validity: The gate person enters the amount of goods received in the system after matching it tit the POP which ensures that the goods being received are against a valid POP. Input Completeness and Update Completeness: After the delivery Callahan is compared with the POP, the gate person enters the quantity received into the system and prepares a gate pass which ensures that against each receipt there is an entry in the system. The master data is updated simultaneously with the input of receipt data. PEP- Counting of goods by receipt room when received and entering data in the system: Effectiveness Goal B: The receiving personnel counts the goods received ensuring that the correct amount f goods are being received. With the goods being in hand, the receiving person in the receipt room in a good position to ensure that the correct goods are received. The counting of goods ensures that the receipt room is aware of actual quantity of goods received and there is a less chance of goods being lost without coming into the knowledge of authorities. Input Validity, Input and Update Accuracy, Input and Update Completeness: After physically counting the goods, the data is being entered into the system so the data will precisely reflect the actual delivery making it accurate ND valid. For every receipt, a GIN and GRIN are prepared which ensures input and update completeness. PEP- Acceptance of goods after signing of GRIN at store: Effectiveness goal B: The signing of GRIN ensures that the right quantities of goods are stored at the store as per the amount stated in the GRIN. Security of resources: Signing of GRIN serves as a final check that the amount stored at the warehouse is the same as the quantity received in receipt room. PEP- Update inventory levels after storage or issuance against relevant demand number: Input Validity: As inventory is being entered after physically receiving goods against relevant demand number, so the input data is valid. Input Accuracy, Update Accuracy: After physical receipt of inventory, entering data in system ensures that there is less chance of error and that the inventory data is accurate. The master data is simultaneously updated. PEP- Attaching approved invoice with D. C, Gate Pass and GRIN: Effectiveness Goal D: The approval of invoice by the purchase department after verifying it with POP from master data and then attaching it with the GRIN ensure that the correct payment is add to the relevant supplier. Efficient Employment of resources: Since approved invoice is attached with the relevant GRIN, so it makes the posting of vouchers more efficient. PEP- Entering payable data in the payable department: The payable personnel with the approved invoice in hand are in a better position to ensure that the payable liability is made against the relevant supplier. Input Validity, Input and Update Accuracy: The comparison between ESP. and GRIN and invoice ensures that that only a valid payable will be approved and become outstanding against the right supplier. The comparison will also ensure that the amount of payable outstanding will be accurate. PEP- Fortnightly printing of payment list and its approval by HOOD: Effectiveness Goal D: The fortnightly listing of payable reveals the suppliers to whom the payment is due along with the payment details. This process ensures that all the requisite payments are made within the credit period. Efficient Employment of Resources: The payable person does not have to physically go through all pending payable and identify those which are due. Automatically generation by the system ensures efficiency. Input validity, Input accuracy, Input completeness: Automatic generation of payment list using existing information from database ensures that it will have only valid (approved) payable and their amounts will be accurate. It will also ensure completeness because system ensures that the list includes all the payments due. PEP- Generation of payment vouchers and printing of checks: Effectiveness goal D: System generation of checks ensures that they are printed against the right vendors bearing the right amounts due. Efficiency of Resources: Automatic printing of check after generation of payment vouchers saves time. Security of Resources: Printing of checks by system ensures that the right amount due is associated with right vendor. This ensures that payments are made against a valid payable hence eliminating any possibility of cash being paid to the wrong recipient. Input validity: The payable list represents the actual, approved amounts due to vendors as a result of past event. Input ; Update accuracy: The rights amounts are appropriated against the right suppliers eliminating the probability of errors. This subsequently leads to accurate update of the payable account. Input ; Update completeness: The system prints checks for every vendor against whom the payment is due and their corresponding payment vouchers are made. This helps to achieve that no due payment is missed and all corresponding vouchers are made. PEP- Preparation of B. O. M against an open sales contract by comparing input with master data: In preparation of B. O. M, the clerk keys in the sales contract number and the system ensures that the demand being generated is against a valid sales contract. Hence, this ensures that the valid goods in the correct amount are ordered. Input Validity: As the sales order number written on the B. O. M. Is matched with the open sales order in the database, this ensures that the B. O. M is made against a valid sales contract. PEP- Automatic Generation of Demand from Bill of materials: Ensure demand validity: As the production planning finalizes the required raw materials in bill of materials, the system automatically generates demand which ensures that the origin of demand is representative of actual requirements. Efficient employment of resources: As the demand is generated automatically by the system, it saves on any human involvement for the purpose leading to efficient employment of resources. Input The information upon which the demand form is based was taken from the bill of material. This verifies that input is more likely to reflect actual demand. Input ; update accuracy: Automatic updating of fields of demand requisition form from bill of materials eliminates the probability of incorrect entry of data and ensures that the requisition form is accurate. PEP- Check inventory level at store and write current inventory level at generated demand: Effectiveness Goal D: Checking goods from the inventory ensures that excess goods are not purchased by mistake and only the required amount of goods is purchased. Efficiency of resources, Input Accuracy, Update Accuracy: As the inventory level is checked from the system instead of going to the store to physically count it so the efficiency is increased and the correct amounts will be entered and updated. PEP- Inspection of goods received by the user: The inspection of goods by the user ensures that the goods received from the supplier are of the required quality and the quantity is in conformance with the demand of the user. PEP- Comparison of Input with Master Data for Generation of SIR: Validity of Input, Input and Update Accuracy: This will ensure that the SIR is being prepared against a valid, approved requisition against which goods have been received. The comparison will identify any erroneous or suspect data and reduce input errors. PEP- Approval of SIR by HOOD: Input Validity, Security of Resources: Approval will ensure that the issue of goods is authorized for a valid use. This will also ensure security of resources. PEP- Comparison of SIR with BOOM to issue goods: The comparison will ensure that the goods are being issued against a valid BOOM and hence prevent misappropriation of resources. Ml- Scrutinizing vendor before addition to approved vendor list :Effectiveness goal A: This will ensure that only the competent vendors who will supply the best goods at the optimum price are entered into the system. MM- Comparison of comparative statement with actual quotations received by HOOD before approval: Effectiveness goal A: This will ensure that the purchase personnel has not included any fake quotation into the comparative statement and only the approved suppliers to which the quotation requests were sent are there on the comparative statement. Input validity: This comparison will ensure that only valid supplier is selected by the HOOD. MM- HOOD accesses inventory data from DEEDS to check inventory status before approval of requisition: Efficiency of resources: This will save time as the HOOD will directly check the inventory status online while approving the requisition and no requisition will be processed for the goods already present in stock. Hence the store department would not be involved in such situations which would lead to efficiency. ANALYSIS Analyzing the ERP system of Insist, we have concluded that they have implemented the system very effectively and are reaping great benefits from this technological advancement.

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